Reference Materials (Dictionaries)

(Last updated on November 29, 2001)

If you find any problems, let me know.

kkitao@mail.doshisha.ac.jp

Reference Materials

http://kidslangarts.about.com/cs/dictionary/index.htm?once=true&
About
**including various kinds of information on various countries

http://www.refdesk.com/facts.html
FACTS SUBJECT INDEX
**maps,history, grammar & style, and other reference materials: very useful reference site

http://www.askoxford.com/
AskOxford.com
**Interesting site with various quotations and information about language.

http://library.caltech.edu/reference/default.htm
General Reference
**variety of references, including writing resources

http://www.referencedesk.org/tools1.html
ReferenceDesk.org
**many dictionaries and encyclopedias and almanacs and grammar

http://www.lib.sfu.ca/kiosk/mmcintos/select/select.htm
Selected Internet Resources
This page consists of general Internet sites covering a range of materials, such as, dictionaries for many languages, directories, exchange rate conversions, university program information and so on.

http://www.virtualfreesites.com/reference.writing.html
Virtual Reference Sites
**various kinds of references

http://thorplus.lib.purdue.edu/reference/index.html
The Virtual Reference Desk
**including many dictionaries and enclyclopedias

http://dir.yahoo.com/Reference/
Yahoo List--Reference--Dictionaries, Quotations, Etc.
**including great numbers of dictionaries and encyclopediaas

Acronym Dictionaries

http://www.afrl.af.mil/dictionary.html
Acronym Dictionary

http://www.AcronymFinder.com/
Acronym Finder

http://home.online.no/~gmorgan/Abbreviations.htm
G. Morgan's Abbreviation Dictionary

http://www.ucc.ie/info/net/acronyms/index.html
The WorldWideWeb Acronym and Abbreviation Server

Almanacs

http://www.aristoday.com/
Ari's Today Page

http://www.cnn.com/almanac/daily/
CNN.com Dailyalmanac

http://www.dailyalmanacs.com/
Daily Almanacs

http://www.copi.org/craig/events/today.html
Daily Calendar and Events

http://gwu.edu/~gprice/handbook.htm
Fast Facts
**links to almanacs, factbooks, statistical reports, and related reference tools for a variety of subjects.

http://www.infoplease.com/almanacs.html
InfoPlease Almanacs

http://disasterium.com/
Living Almanac of Disasters

http://www.losangelesalmanac.com/
Los Angeles Almanac

http://www.justmorons.com/
Moron's Almanac

http://www.almanac.com/
Old Farmer's Almanac

http://www.polisci.com/
PoliSci.com The Almanac of American Politics

http://www.polisci.com/almanac/almanac.htm
Political Almanac

http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/
World Almanac for Kids

http://www.yahooligans.com/content/ka/
Yahoo Kids Almanac

Dictionaries

Links

http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~berez/dictionaries.html
Dictionaries

http://www.ikeda.osaka-kyoiku.ac.jp/~higuchim/jisho-e.html
Dictionaries by Masatsugu Higuchi

http://muse.doshisha.ac.jp/corpus/dic.html
Dictionaries by Haruo Nishino
**many links of dictionaries, an encyclopedia, etc.

http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/HTML/Dictionaries.html
Dictionaries

http://www.eslcafe.com/search/Dictionaries/
Dictionaries
Dave's ESL Cafe

http://www.livjm.ac.uk/language/eng_res.htm#dic_eng
Dictionaries

http://www.helsinki.fi/~hkantola/dict.html
Dictionaries
**Extensive list of links to bilingual dictionaries and monolingual English dictionaries

http://www-math.uni-paderborn.de/dictionaries/Dictionaries_noframes.html
Dictionaries [German - English] [American English] [Technical English] [Other Languages] [English - ???] [Thesaurus] [Acronym Dictionary] [Hacker's Dictionary] [Miscellaneous] [Other Resources] [Version using Frames]

http://www.refdesk.com/factdict.html
DICTIONARIES AND LANGUAGE RESOURCES

http://www.niss.ac.uk/lis/dictres.html
Dictionaries and Reference Works NISS

http://www.niss.ac.uk/lis/dictres.html
Dictionaries and reference works
**vast list of Dictionaries and Thesauri

http://linguistlist.org/dictionaries.html
Dictionaries by LINGUIST
**Very extensive browsable or searchable list of links to bilingual and monolingual dictionaries and dictionary meta sites.

http://www.lib.sfu.ca/kiosk/mmcintos/select/dictio.htm
Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Etc.

http://www.m-w.com/
Dictionary

http://www.dictionary.com/
Dictionary.com
**vast resources for writing and searchable for words

http://www.freelang.com/freelang/dictionary/index.html
Dictionary Program Freeware

http://www.aitech.ac.jp/~iteslj/links/ESL/Dictionaries_and_Reference_Materia ls/
ESL : Dictionaries and Reference Materials
**links to dictionaries and to lists of links to dictionaries

http://www.word2word.com/dic.html
Language Dictionaries and Translators

http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/hyperref.html
Online Dictionaries, Glossaries and Encyclopedias - 101
**extensive list of dictionaries of various subjects, including many specialist subjects

http://www.word2word.com/dictionary.html
Online Dictionaries and Translators

http://www.umass.edu/transcen/sites/dictionaries.html
Translation Center
**list of links of ten online dictionary-related sites

http://www.yahoo.com/Reference/Dictionaries
Yahoo! - Reference:Dictionaries

Multilingual Dictionaries

http://www.allwords.com/
AllWords.com
**no Japanese You can search with parts of words and also hear pronunciation.

http://world.altavista.com/tr
AltaVista translate
"Jisho EJiten (Dictionaries)" (http://ilc2.doshisha.ac.jp/users/kkitao/Japanese/online/dictionary.htm) http://babelfish.altavista.com/translate.dyn
AltaVista translate
**including Japanese

http://www.babylon.com/index_eng.html
baylon.com Read in Your Language: --Languages-- English German French Spanish Italian Portuguese Hebrew Dutch Swedish Japanese Chinese(t) Chinese(s)
Babylon-Pro is a powerful Translation, Information and Conversion tool, that instantly provides relevant information about any word or value you click on.
**not free

http://saussure.linguistlist.org/cfdocs/pub/static-pages/Dict.html
Di ctionaries Linguist
**list of vast number of dictionaries

http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/HTML/Dictionaries.html
dictionaries
**English and some European languages, acronyms, not including Japanese

http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~berez/dictionaries.html
Dictionaries
**English, slang, acronyms, American and British English, etc.

http://www.helsinki.fi/~hkantola/dict.html
dictionaries
**Engl ish and many languages including Japanese

http://www.freedict.com/
Freedict.com
**including Japanese

http://www.tranexp.com:2000/InterTran
InterTran
**many dictionaries, including Japanese; not free

http://www.word2word.com/dictionary.html
Language Dictionaries and Translators
**vast languages including Japanese

http://www.online-dictionary.net/
Online Dictionaries. Free!
**Links to dictionaries in many languages including Japanese, as well as medical dictionaries, dictionaries of legal terms, and rhyming dictionaries.

http://www.word2word.com/dictionary.html
Online Dictionaries and Translators
**vast resources including Japanese

http://www.spellwrite.com/
SpellWrite.com
**possible to search words with a few dictionaries and a translator

http://www.uwasa.fi/comm/termino/collect/index.html
Terminology Collection
**including Japanese

http://www.translate-free.com/
Translate-Free.com Foreign Language Translation Services Available Free on the Internet
**many links

http://www.logos.it/owa-wt/html_logos.home?lang=en
LOGOS Dictionary Translates user-input words and phrases to numerous languages.
**including Japanese

http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction3.html
yourDictionary.com
**extensive list of links to dictionaries for many languages including Japanese

English Language Dictionaries

http://www.bartleby.com/64/
The American Heritage Book of English Usage
1. Grammar
2. Style
3. Word Choice
4. Science Terms
5. Gender
6. Names and Labels
7. Pronunciation Challenges
8. Word Formation
a. Plurals
b. Forming Possessives
c. Affixes
d. Word Compounding
9. E-mail
10. A Grammar Toolkit

http://www.peak.org/~jeremy/dictionary/dict.html
The American-British, British American Dictionary
**American and British Englsih

http://www.bartleby.com/61/
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

http://www.bartleby.com/64/
The American Heritage Book of English Usage

http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Fourth Edition

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/
Cambridge Learner's Dictionary (have to choose learner's dictionary from list)

http://www.global-language.com/CENTURY/
Century Dictionary Online American dictionary with fulltext search page images representing the definitions, atlas, and cyclopedia from the original text.

http://titania.cobuild.collins.co.uk/index.html
Cobuild Home Page
**links to various resources related to the CoBuild Dictionary, including word puzzles and games that teachers and students can use

http://titania.cobuild.collins.co.uk/direct_info.html
Collins CoBuild Direct
**FAQ regarding on-line access to the CoBuild corpus

http://www.linguistics.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/ccsd/
Collins Cobuild Student's Dictionary

http://www.cooldictionary.com/
CoolDictionary.com

http://www.dict.org/
The DICT Development Group The DICT Protocol, described in RFC 2229 is a TCP transaction based query/response protocol that allows a client to access dictionary definitions from a set of natural language dictionary databases.

http://www.dict.org/bin/Dict
The DICT Development Group: Online Dictionary Query

http://www.refdesk.com/factdict.html
DICTIONARIES AND LANGUAGE RESOURCES Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Online, OneLook Dictionaries - Search Over 675 Dictionaries, ACRONYM FINDER

http://dictionary.msn.com/
Encarta World English Dictionary can hear sounds

http://english2american.com/
An English-to-American Dictionary
**meanings of British words

http://www.freedictionary.org/
FreeDictionary.org
**Simultaneously and efficiently searches several dictionaries for word definitions

http://projects.ghostwheel.com/
The Ghostwheel Information Project displays definitions with each individual word in the definition hyperlinked to its definition.

http://work.ucsd.edu:5141/cgi-bin/http_webster
Hypertext Webster Gateway

http://www.infoplease.com/dictionary.html
infoplease.com
**Includes crossword puzzle related links.

http://lookwayup.com/free/
LookWAYup
31 days free trial

http://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/
The Macquarie Dictionary Australian English

http://www.m-w.com/
Merriam-Webster Online

http://www.stat.cmu.edu:80/~nicholst/MyWebster.html
My Webster Interface

http://www.neuro.fsu.edu/diction.htm
Neuroscience Online Dictionary

Webster Dictionary
Multilingual on-line Dictionary
English and Technical Dictionary
Dictionary of Computing
BioTech Biotechnology Dictionary

http://nhd.heinle.com/
Newbury House Online Dictionary of American English
This online dictionary contains over 40,000 entries and is based on the best selling Newbury House Dictionary of American English. Providing simple and clear definitions, this online tool provides a wealth of sample sentences, idioms, and a wide array of cultural facts and figures.

http://www.stat.cmu.edu/~nicholst/MyWebster.html
Merriam-Webster

http://www.notredame.ac.jp/cgi-bin/wn
WordNet 1.7 Vocabulary Helper

http://www.onelook.com/
One-Look Dictionaries

http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/rbeard/diction.html
On-line Dictionaries

http://www.oed.com/
The Oxford English Dictionary Online
**While the Oxford English Dictionary is not available yet, this page has various links to dictionaries, corpuses, and information pages.

http://www.openresources.com/cgi-bin/dict
OR Online Dictionary Query

http://www.oed.com/
Oxford English Dictionary
**not free

http://www.peachpit.com/hyper/smiley/
The Smiley Dictionary

http://www.uwasa.fi/comm/termino/collect/index.html
Terminology Collection Online Dictionaries
**many bilingual dictionaries available

http://english.voycabulary.com/
VoCabulary.com
**check a web page with Merriam-Webster Online

http://humanities.uchicago.edu/forms_unrest/webster.form.html
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913 Edition Simple Headword Search Script: 109,562 entries

http://www.wordassault.com/
Word Assault searching more than one word at the time

http://www.wordsmyth.net/
Wordsmith

http://www.yourdictionary.com/
yourDictionary.com

Encyclopedia

Links

http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/hyperref.html#encyclopedias
Encyclopedias
**links to more than 30 encyclopedias

http://www.referencedesk.org/tools1.html
ReferenceDesk.org
**including 11 encyclopedias

Individual Encyclopedias

http://www.bbc.co.uk/h2g2/guide/
Ask h2g2
**A resource with information about many different subject, written by contributors.

http://www.eb.com/
Britannica
**You can use this if you are a subscriber or you can get a free trial for 14 days.

http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/
The Canadian Encyclopedia
provides the full text of the Canadian Encyclopedia in English and French

http://www.bartleby.com/65/
The Columbia Encyclopedia 6th edition
Containing nearly 51,000 entries (marshalling six and one-half million words on a vast range of topics), and with more than 80,000 hypertext cross-references

http://encarta.msn.com/Worldwide.asp
encarta
With seven different countries to choose from, Encarta Online is an invaluable resource for students, teachers, parents and anyone with a thirst for knowledge.

http://encarta.msn.com/
Encarta
**A resource for students and others, with links to reference works, homework help,

http://www.encyberpedia.com/cyberlinks/links/index.html
Encyberpedia
**categorized sites

http://www.britannica.com/
Encyclopedia Britannica
**The entire Encyclopedia Britannica is now available online.

http://www.encyclopedia.com/
encyclopedia.com Welcome to Encyclopedia.com - the Internet's premiere free encyclopedia! Newly updated and expanded with more than 50,000 articles plus links giving you access to millions of articles and pictures in Electric Library,

http://www.refdesk.com/factency.html
ENCYCLOPEDIAS
**List of links to on-line encyclopedias (about 50)

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Britain.html
Encyclopedia of British History 1700-1950

http://celt.net/Celtic/celtopedia/indices/encycintro.html
Encyclopedi aof the Celts

http://www.si.edu/resource/faq/start.htm
Encyclopedia Smithsonian

http://transhub.vr9.com/
Encyclopedia of Terminology

http://www.clever.net/cam/encyclopedia.html
Free Internet Encyclopedia

http://auth.grolier.com/cgi-bin/authV2
Grolier Online
**not free

http://www.infoplease.com/
infoplease.com

encyclopedia

http://infoplease.lycos.com/encyclopedia.html
Lycos

http://www.macnet.mq.edu.au/
MacquarieNet
**Not free.

http://techweb.com/encyclopedia/
TechEncyclopedia

http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html
The World Factbook 2001 in-depth data on every country in the world

http://www2.worldbook.com/
Worldbook Encyclopedia
**A subscription service, but there is a 30-day free trial.

Thesaurus

http://humanities.uchicago.edu/forms_unrest/ROGET.html
ARTFL Project: ROGET'S Thesaurus Search Form

http://www.m-w.com/thesaurus.htm
Merriam-Webster
**including a dictionary

http://www.refdesk.com/factdict.html
MY facts Page
**including dictionaries

http://www.visualthesaurus.com/
Plumb Design Visual Thesarus The Plumb Design Visual Thesaurus is an exploration of sense relationships within the English language. By clicking on words, you follow a thread of meaning, creating a spatial map of linguistic associations.

http://www.sti.nasa.gov/thesfrm1.htm
NASA Thesaurus (1998 Edition with Supplement) -- Printed Publication The NASA Thesaurus contains the authorized subject terms by which the documents in the NASA STI Databases are indexed and retrieved. The NASA Thesaurus comprises two volumes: Volume 1 Hierarchical Listing With Definitions and Volume 2 Rotated Term Display.

http://vancouver-webpages.com/synonyms.html
Synonym Dictionary
This is a project at Vancouver to generate copyright-free lists of English synonyms for a search engine.

http://www.bartleby.com/110/
Roget's Thesauraus

http://www.bartleby.com/62/
Roget's II: New Thesaurus

http://www.itools.com/lang/#thes
Thesaurus and Find words
**includes searchable dictionaries; search engines for synonyms, homophones, antonyms; translator to 188 languages; and web page translator which you can use to translate any web page from English to Spanish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Chinese or from those languages to English

http://www.thesaurus.com/
Thesaurus.com
**including many reference materials

http://www.xrefer.com/
xrefer
**including many reference materials

Other Dictionaries

http://www.c3.lanl.gov/revdict/
Casey's Snow Day Reverse Dictionary (and Guru)
You type in a definition, and Casey's dictionary will tell you which word you are trying to think of!

http://www.acmuller.net/dealt/index.html
CJK-English Dictionary

http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict
The CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
The Carnegie Mellon University Pronouncing Dictionary is a machine-readable pronunciation dictionary for North American English that contains over 125,000 words and their transcriptions.

http://www.geocities.com/informalenglish/dictindex.html
The Dictionary of Informal, Slang and Idiomatic Phrases in Spoken English

http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/dare/dare.html
Dictionary of American Regional English
The Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE) is a reference tool unlike any other. Its aim is not to prescribe how Americans should speak, or even to describe the language we use generally, the "standard" language. Instead, it seeks to document the varieties of English that are not found everywhere in the United States--those words, pronunciations, and phrases that vary from one region to another, that we learn at home rather than at school, or that are part of our oral rather than our written culture.

http://www.lineone.net/dictionaryof/difficultwords/
Dictionary of Difficult Words A-Z index of difficult English words.

http://www.wave.net/upg/immigration/dot_index.html
Dictionary Of Occupational Titles Index

http://www.dictionary.com/
Dictionary.com
**Featuring a variety of tools including thesauri, translators, and writing resources.

http://www.human.toyogakuen-u.ac.jp/~acmuller/dicts/ddb-intro.htm
Digital Dictionary of Buddhism

http://www.acmuller.net/ddb/index.html
Digital Dictionary of Buddhism

http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/index.html
infoplease atlas

http://www.lexfn.com/
Lexical FreeNet this program allows you to search for rhymes and relationships between words and concepts that might never have occurred to you.

http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Lofts/2297/literary.html
The Literary Dictionary
Here you will find an assortment of words that first made an appearance in books, plays, poems, comic strips and mythology. You will also find variations of words or names that first appeared in these works. This page was started as a project for ETS 333 (The History of the English Language), taught by Syracuse University professor Patricia Moody.

http://www.rhymezone.com/
Lycos **Users can look for rhymes, definitions, synonyms, antonyms, etc. Can also look for the word in Shakespeare, etc.

http://www.netlaputa.ne.jp/~tokyo3/e/
Multiculturalpedia

http://www.rhymer.com/
Online Rhyming Dictionary

http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~wrader/slang/
The Online Slang Dictionary

http://rhyme.lycos.com/
Rhyming Dictionary

http://www.bartleby.com/63/
Simpson's Contemporary Quotations

http://vancouver-webpages.com/synonyms.html
Synonym Dictionary

http://iteslj.org/s/ib/smiley2.html
The Unofficial Smilie Dictionary

http://lsd.pharm.kyoto-u.ac.jp/index.html
The Life Science Dictionary Project, Japan Online Life Science Dictionary

http://www.xrefer.com/
xrefer
xrefer contains encyclopedias, dictionaries, thesauri & books of quotations from the world's leading publishers. All cross-referenced, all in one place - providing you with a single source for reliable factual information.

If you find any problems, let me know.

Note: This work was partially funded by Doshisha University's Research Promotion Fund, 2000-2001, and a Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory Research, 1999-2001, from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

kkitao@mail.doshisha.ac.jp